Use Powder of Wood Ulin ( Eusideroxylon Zwageri ) For Mixed Materials Builders Head Bushing

Head bushing is part of the plastic sack-making machine components that process works always have friction between the bushing head cham causing wear and tear. This wear and tear leads to further damage to the components components other spare parts. Head material is nylon pure solid has a melting point 350-425 ° C, but was unable to maintain its shape because happen frictions during the process of making plastic sack. Research to make head bushing by adding the powder of wood Ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) as reinforcements and to do wear and tear. The results obtained show. that the optimum value of the powder composition wood ulin is 4% , with value of wear and tear 0,0544 mm/h with a time 96 hours 29 minutes 29 seconds. But overall, the addition powder of wood Ulin, cannot be used as ingredients of make head bushing, because value of wear and tear of head bushing without additive of powder of wood Ulin, more smaller than head bushing with additive powder wood Ulin.


INTRODUCTION
Plastic bag manufacturing industry there is a term circular loom or weaving which has the meaning of a device or machine used for weaving process.The basic purpose of the loom is for weaving knitting process or thread into a sack circular (circular loom) [1].From the circular loom machine spare parts, there are several components to function as a single unit to produce the knitting process in the engine.Of all the parts are there, there is one component that has a very important role, namely head bushing that serves to carry out the knitting.Because of its function as a spare part, the process of working on the bushing head are always experienced friction between the head bushing with cham, causing wear and tear.This wear and tear resulting in further damage to the componentscomponents of other spare parts [2].Head bushing material is polyamide (nylon pure solid) having a melting point of 350-425°C, but was unable to retain its shape due to frequent frictions during the manufacturing process of plastic bags [3].The number of head bushing is needed in one machine the component parts is 80 pcs.During head bushing with nylon plastic base material only lasts a maximum of 6-7 days in operation as component parts with cooling or lubrication using oil SAE 40.If the bushing head are worn for 6-7 days then it will wear out.In one day head replacement bushings that wear out can reach 16-17 pcs.Several studies by making use of polymer matrix composite materials by adding fillers (filler) in the form of wood powders into the matrix with the aim to increase the strength of composite materials, among others conducted by Wirsanto Palangan (2007) [4].Research carried out by adding powdered camphor wood, merbau and ironwood powder into polyethylene (PE) and the obtained results on the optimal tensile strength ironwood powder / PE by 2.95 kg/mm², modulus of elasticity of 25.25 kg/mm² and elongation break of 9.35%.
While result of research by adding fillers such rice husk ash with the composition of the volume fraction of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% into the matrix polypropylene (PP) would produce a tensile strength decreased with the addition of fillers.This is due to the spread of the filler in the PP matrix is less homogeneous or uneven [5].Research which is added to the PP matrix sawdust fillers saws randomly with the volume fraction composition of 10, 30 and 50%.From these results we concluded that similar to the research conducted by Fuad, MYA that the addition of fillers will affect the tensile strength becomes decreased [6].Some of the above study, carried out research to improve the head bushing where the material is nylon pure solid matrix by adding powder wood ulin (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) which is expected to improve the wear resistance properties.Selection of powder of wood ulin as an reinforcement because this powder has the advantages of lower process temperatures (less than 204 o C), thereby reducing energy costs, can be degraded naturally, its density is much lower, the low friction force so as not to damage equipment in the manufacturing process [7].

METHOD
The composition of material head bushing is made using polyamide matrix (solid pure nylon) by adding the powder of wood ulin varies with the volume fraction of 0% (original without powder, code marked A), 2% (marked code B), 4% (marked code C), 6% (marked code D), 8% (marked code E) and 10% (marked code F).Each one is made with 3 samples.The powder be sieved with a mesh size of 70 (0.21 mm), and then heated in an oven for 20 minutes at a temperature of 120 ° C, with the aim to eliminate the water content in the powder thus obtained wood ulin density dryness.While polyamide included in the ceramic container is then heated in a furnace to be melting, and added wood ulin powder dry.The next step stirring until well blended and then put into a mold and the mold is cooled in open air.The results of the mold is then performed according to the size of the head turning bushing (Figure 1), and the resulting after lathe process head bushing composition 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% is shown in  Wear and tear test by installing a bushing head into Circular Weaving Machine CS 8/125 UJADM.Checking bushing head on the engine when the damage is done.Data recording head include outer bushing diameter before and after in pairs until the damage and also the wear resistance of recording time.Limit head wear bushing in accordance with Circular Weaving Machines Manual book shown in Table 1.

RESULT
The result of test wear and tear for each head bushing can be seen in Table 2 and the diagram in Figure 3.While the amount of wear that occurs in units of millimeters per minute and one hour are presented in Table 3. Table 2 and Figure 3 shows that the addition of powder wood ulin most optimum is the composition 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10%  seconds or as long as 6 days 4 hours 27 minutes 43 seconds with reduced of wear and tear of 0.000586 mm/minute or 0.0352 mm/hour.This condition occurs because the making of the original bushing head through the injection process, while the head bushing plus filler, to be melted polyamide mixed first and allows the reduction of the wear resistant properties.

CONCLUSION
The results obtained can be summarized as follows: Basically, the addition of powder of wood ulin has not able raise wear resistance in head bushing that essentially materials it is a polyamide (nylon pure solid).This is because the process of mixing the melted polyamide coupled with wood ulin powder, can not be mixed homogeneously.For further research will try to add the base material bushing head with ceramic materials.Because as it is known that the ceramic material is highly resistant to wear and tear.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Scheme of head bushing specifications (in mm)

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Diagram of wear resistance test results for each head bushing

Table 1 .
Limit of wear and tear of head bushing